Biology Form 1 notes pdf download

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FORM ONE BIOLOGY
By the end of form one work, the learner should be able
to:
 Define Biology
 List the branches of Biology
 Explain the importance of Biology
 State and explain some of the characteristics of organisms
 State and explain some of the general characteristics of organisms
 Explain the external features of plants and animals
 Write down the difference between plants and animals
 Define classification
 Use the magnifying lens to observe the external features of plants/ animals
 Record observations of the main external features of plant leaf form
 Draw different types of leaf forms
 Observe, record and draw the main external features of plants
 Observe ,record and draw the main external features of animals
 State the necessity and significance of classification
 Name the major units of classification
 Name the five kingdoms of living things
 List the taxonomic units in plant and animal kingdoms
 Classify maize and human beings
 Define Binomial nomenclature
 State the principles of Binomial nomenclature In naming organisms
 Use collecting nets, cutting instructions instruments and hand lens
 Preserve collected specimen
 Observe and group collected and preserved specimen according to their similarities
 Define a cell
 Draw and label the light microscope
 Identify parts of the light microscope and state their functions
 Describe how to care for a light microscope
 Describe how a light microscope is used
 Draw and label plant and animal cells as seen under a light microscope
 Calculate the magnification of objects as seen under a light microscope
 Observe a prepared slide under a light microscope
 Prepare temporary slide of onion epidermis and observe it under a light microscope
 Draw and label plant and animal cells as seen under electron microscope
 Describe the structure and function of the cell
 Describe the structure and function of the cell organelles
 Estimate the size of a cell as seen in the field of view of a microscope
 Write down the differences between plants and animal cells
 Write down similarities between plant and animal cells
 List down specialized plant and animal cells
 State the modifications and functions of specialized cells
 Define tissues, organs and organ systems
 Give examples of tissues organs and organ systems
 Define the term cell physiology
 Describe the structure and properties of cell membrane
 Define diffusion
 Carry out experiments to demonstrate
 diffusion in liquids
 diffusion in gasses
 Explain the factors affecting diffusion
 Explain the role of diffusion in living things
 Define osmosis
 Describe movement of water molecules across semi-permeable membrane
 define and describe the terms used in the study of osmosis such as:
 Osmotic pressure
 Osmotic potential
 Isotonic solution
 Hypertonic solution
 Hypotonic solution
 Turgor pressure
 Hemolysis
 Wall pressure
 Plasmolysis
 Deplasmolysis
 carry out an experiment on selective permeability of membrane
 State factors affecting osmosis
 Explain the role of osmosis in organisms
 Explain the factors affecting osmosis
 Describe what happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic, hypotonic or
isotonic solution
 Carry out an experiment to show plasmolysis in epidermal cells of an onion bulb
 Describe osmosis of animal cells in a hypertonic solution
 List down factors affecting active transport
 Define active transport
 Define the role of active transport in living things
 Define nutrition
 Write down the importance of nutrition
 List down the modes of feeding in organisms
 Draw and label the external structure of a leaf
 Draw and label the internal structure of the leaf
 Name the parts of a leaf
 State the functions of the parts of a leaf
 Define photosynthesis
 Draw and label the chloroplast
 Describe the process of photosynthesis
 List down the importance of photosynthesis
 Explain some of the factors influencing photosynthesis
 Explain the factors affecting photosynthesis
 Explain how the leaf is adapted to the process of photosynthesis
 Test the presence of starch in a green leaf
 Investigate whether chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
 Investigate whether light is necessary for photosynthesis
 carry out an experiment to investigate whether
 Carbon (IV) oxide is necessary for photosynthesis
 Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis
 Define Chemicals of life
 List down types of carbohydrates
 Write down properties and functions of monosaccharaides
 Define disaccharides
 List properties and functions of disaccharides
 Define hydrolysis and condensation
 Define polysaccharides and lipids
 Write down the properties of polysaccharides and lipids
 carry out tests on
 Starch
 Reducing sugars
 Non-reducing sugar
 Lipids
 Proteins
 Vitamin c
 Write down the properties and functions of proteins
 Distinguish between carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
 Define enzymes
 Write down the properties and functions of enzymes
 Know the naming of the enzymes and their substrates
 Explain the importance of enzymes
 carry out an experiment on
Define hetetrophism
 List down the different modes of heterotrophism and describe them
 Define dentition
 Draw and label different types of teeth
 Describe the structure of a tooth
 Identify different types of teeth
 Describe the adaptations of the teeth to their functions
 Define dental formulae
 Describe and write down the dental formulae of herbivore carnivore and omnivore
 Write down the definition of herbivores, carnivores and omnivores
 Explain the adaptations of dental formulae in various groups of animals, to their
mode of feeding
 Draw and label the internal structure of different types of teeth
 Write down the functions of the different parts of the internal structure of teeth
 Name and discuss common dental diseases
 Write down the adaptations of herbivores to their mode of feeding
 Write down the adaptations of carnivores to their modes of feeding
 Identify various organs associated with the digestive system of a rabbit
 Draw and label parts of the human digestive system
 Describe the regions of the alimentary canal of human digestive system
 Explain the functions of the human digestive system
 Describe the various regions of the human alimentary canal and their functions
 Describe how the ileum is adapted to its function
 Analyze the food content in the alimentary canal of a herbivore
 Carry out an experiment on the breakdown of starch by diastase enzymes
 Describe how the ileum is farther adapted to its functions
 Explain the end products of the digestion of various food
 Explain the function of the colon
 Explain the process of assimilation of food substances
 Write down the summary of chemical digestion in alimentary canal
 Write down the importance of vitamins in human nutrition
 Write down the sources of vitamins
 State deficiency diseases of various vitamins
 Write down the importance of mineral salts in human nutrition
 State the source of mineral salts
 State the deficiency diseases of mineral salts
 Write down the role of roughage in nutrition
 Write down the role of water in nutrition
 Discuss factors which determine energy requirements in human beings